High School Math Solutions – Trigonometry Calculator, Trig Equations. Destination given distance & bearing from start point (direct solution) Again, this presents Vincenty’s formulæ arranged to be close to how they are used in the script. To calculate simple interest on a lump sum, multiply your lump sum figure by the interest rate per period (as a decimal) and then again by the number of periods you wish to calculate for. 0 KB] Note: Please have the Excel program. Lat. It states: Vincenty's formulae are two related iterative methods used in geodesy to calculate the distance between two points on the surface of an spheroid,. # This library supports both, the "Haversine" and the "Vincenty" algorithm. You are using the spherical case of the Vicenty's formula, but the site seems to use the ellipsoidal method. This free mass calculator calculates mass, given. It shows like array (Distance. The arc length of the sector (c) is equivalent to the circumference of the cone base. The Inverse Method computes the geographical distance and azimuth between two given points. Enter 80, not 0. Let's calculate the internal rate of return for these period. The formula used in our MIVF calculator is an old, well-established method, called after its developers, pediatricians Malcolm Holliday and William Segar. The calculator first converts the number of years and interest rate into terms of months since compounding occurs monthly in this exampleThe two rules of inequalities are: If the same quantity is added to or subtracted from both sides of an inequality, the inequality remains true. Viewed 761 times. The GeoSeries above have different indices. In order to maintain a straight path (the definition of a geodesic), the path must bend away from the circle of latitude (unless it's the equator). Geodesic should be used instead. Circle Calculator. I closest thing I can find is a "destination" function in distance. But if you want greater accuracy without having implement the Vincenty formula from scratch, you can. Vincenty, Survey Review 22, April 1975. f = flattening ( a − b )/ a. Rate of return = ($2,500 - $1,000) / $1,000 = 2. 5 - Production/Stable License. Vincenty formula is used in geodesy to calculate the distance between two points on the earth's s urface, which is assumed to be an ellipsoid [12]. [1] He devised Vincenty's formulae, a geodesic calculation technique published in 1975 which is. Let's go you through the whole process: The general equation is fixed_costs = per_unit_profit * number_of_units. In this article, we saw three ways to calculate the distance between two geographical points in Java. The haversine formula determines the great-circle distance between two points on a sphere given their longitudes and latitudes. Know the ways and steps to write an ionic formula, ionic radii. The Haversine calculator computes the distance between two points on a spherical model of the Earth along a great circle arc. Calculator designed to balance chemical equations with results of: the balanced equation, word equation, and how it happened. Note: This module should be installed from within Stata by typing "ssc install vincenty". Use Vincenty's formulae to calculate distance and bearing from latitude and longitude and vice versa. where (x 1, y 1) and (x 2, y 2) are the coordinates of the two points involved. Lat. 17%. This is a rearrangement of the density equation. Step 3. Maria Kluziak. 5%, then your. Cancel the common factors. 9°E. 3) Once the equilibrium price is clear, plug it into either the demand or supply function in order to determine the Equilibrium Quantity on the market (Q). So, starting from the given coordinates of the reference point, I first compute the distance per one degree latitude and one degree longitude using haversine formula because this varies depending on location. Geodesic::Direct does a straight solution of the direct problem. If the voltage and current to the motor are 400 V and 8. The assumption that allows this formula to work is that a fixed amount of fluid is needed for every kilogram per day. formula does not need an adjustment for quadrant, which allowed. 868 m. Inversion Count: For an array, inversion count indicates how far (or close) the array is from being sorted. If this parameter isn't specified it's assumed to be the mean radius of. Testing this on an online vincenty calculation is seems the projected co-ordinates are the way to go: python; scipy; spatial; kdtree; map-projections; Share. (I) and (2) of [7] (quoted from [1]) to compute meridional arcs corresponding to the same lines. 79%. Given two geographic coordinates, use Vincenty's inverse formula to calculate an ellipsoidal distance and the forward and reverse geodetic azimuths between the two points. Additionally, in the Advanced mode, you can check the calculated z-score, which we used to estimate the mentioned probability. php This file contains bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. x (t): final values at time “time=t”. initial. vincenty-direct(start, distance, bearing, units) Takes a Point and calculates the location of a destination point given a distance in degrees, radians, miles, or kilometers; and bearing in degrees. Please pick an option first. Bearing and distance calculation methods. Calculate geocentric latitude at each point. Vincenty and Haversine distance estimates are straight line distances and there are occasions where that type of estimate is what you. Program INVERSE is the tool for computing the geodetic azimuth and ellipsoidal distance between two points given their latitudes and longitudes in degrees, minutes, and seconds. turf-vincenty-inverse. geodesy. Calculating distance with latitudes and longitudes. 6593,10. ⋯. More than 100 million people use GitHub to discover, fork, and contribute to over 420 million projects. touch bigger, specifically 7. The horizontal coordinate system, also known as the Alt/Az system, is a method for describing the exact position of objects in the sky, such as planets, the Sun, or the Moon. Write in cell C2 and use asterisk symbol (*) to multiply “=A2*4“. • It is based on the assumption that the figure of the Earth is an oblate spheroid, and hence are more accurate than methods. using the code from joel lawheads book learning geospatial analysis with python I get the following values with the vincenty formula: 0. Linear expansion: ΔL = aL₁ (T₂ - T₁) Volumetric expansion: ΔV = bV₁ (T₂ - T₁) where: T₁ – Initial temperature, and T₂ is the final. There are several ways to calculate the distance from Popondetta to Iași. 069972); The Vincenty Formula is one of most precise methods to calculate distance because it assumes the figure of earth as an oblate spheroid. Free Chemical Reactions calculator - Calculate chemical reactions step-by-stepAbbreviated formula: Wh = mAh × V ÷ 1,000. JavaScript. Solutions of geodetic problem is an important technical problem in geodesy. 257223563 # Length of radius at the poles of the ellipsoid b = (1 - f) * a # Latitude points la1, la2 = 10, 60 # Longitude points lo1, lo2 = 5, 150 # For the inverse problem, we calculate U1, U2 and L. article below : A method is given for calculating the destination point for ellipsoid earth models using Vincenty's formula: Convert the starting point latitude 'lat1' (in the range -90 to 90) to radians. We also discuss how to find the surface area of a square pyramid using slant height and base length and how to calculate surface area using slant height and base perimeter. 999%. To help understand this, imagine a latitude so close to 90° that it's a circle of radius 1m about the north pole. It is a part (or a sector) of a larger circle whose radius (l) is equal to the slant height of the cone. Convert spherical coordinates of each point to cartesian coordinates, from calculated radius, geocentric latitude, and longitude to x,y,z. Parameters:facilitates the calculation of geographic distance in Stata, independently of the map. Below is the javascript:A geodesic on an oblate ellipsoid. Vincenty formula iterates and is able to determine the calculated or formulated accurate outcome to approx. Given an array of integers. Step 3. Used a simpler formula that was quite good but slightly inaccurate, did for example return different results when switching the destinations around. But Earth is also not exactly an oblate. 03 m2. We started with the least accurate equirectangular approximation. Enter gestational age at birth weeks and days. you could use the Vincenty formula for calculating geodesic distances on ellipsoids, which gives results accurate to within 1mm. Vincenty's formulae are two related iterative methods used in geodesy to calculate the distance between two points on the surface of a spheroid, developed by Thaddeus Vincenty (1975a). 0067 + 12*15. Given a geographic coordinate, an ellipsoidal distance, and a geodetic azimuth, use Vincenty's direct formula to calculate the coordinate of a second point as well as the reverse geodetic azimuth. A 3-week old baby should eat approximately 150 ml (5 fl oz) per kilogram of its body weight per whole day. I'm trying to use the haversine formula as seen here: That's the so called "great circle" calculation. In this area of a sphere calculator, we use four equations: Given radius: A = 4 × π × r²; Given diameter: A = π × d²; Given volume: A = ³√ (36 × π × V²); and. Vincenty is planned to be removed in geopy 2. In a flush mount, it is at. " VINCENTY: Stata module to calculate distances on the Earth's surface ," Statistical Software Components S456815, Boston College Department of Economics, revised 16 Feb 2007. The following formula is used to calculate a population size after a certain number of years. Stair stringer: it's the construction that the steps are mounted on. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of Bessel’s formula and Vincenty’s formula, an improved algorithm is proposed. (#293) So (especially if we are going to apply the calculation on a WGS84 ellipsoid) we should use geodesic distance instead: The distance between two points on a 2D coordinate plane can be found using the following distance formula. Half month's average salary x completed years of service. Explore math with our beautiful, free online graphing calculator. Haversine Formula: To calculate the distance between two points given longitude and latitude coordinates: Write down each point's coordinates in degrees-only format. 5. 3) Video & Further Resources. The equations for linear and volumetric expansion are very similar. (Out of sheer perversity – I’ve never needed such accuracy – I looked up this formula and discovered. S. Haversine and Vincenty happen to be algorithms for computing such distances; however both result in excessive errors in some limits. distance import vincenty, great_circle pt_store=Point (transform (Proj. You can interpret the name 'RLC circuit' to mean. where: π is approximately equal to 3. of latitude and longitude using the Vincenty formula from:Free Truth Table calculator - calculate truth tables for logical expressionsTo calculate the equivalent resistance of two resistors in parallel: Take their reciprocal values. Just a simple GUI to calculate the Haversine formula. 7479 (74. ) RETURNS FLOAT. A. 4 (4. 05558265633587 m, which is closer to the 4. Take the exponential constant (approx. 753650629To address this, Thaddeus Vincenty developed a very complicated formula that is accurate up to 0. Compute metal weight: weight = volume × density × 1 piece = 0. while the longitudes are depicted by x and y. Latitude and Longitude Converter. given a reference point and a distance and azimuth to project. Alternatively, you can use the C++ interface of GeographicLib directly. The Vincenty's formulae article presents an algorithm for calculating the geodesic distance between two points on an ellipsoid. The regions are stored in a relational database and their characteristic can be retrieved by consulting one or more attributes. Using this data, I computed the distance between GPS points (Using Geodesic distance and Vincenty formula) and, since the timestamp information is known, the time difference between the points can be used to calculate the time delta. INSTRUCTIONS: Enter the following: (Lat1) Latitude of. calculation of the Cardinal Distances between two points; getting segments of a polyline /polygon, reversing direction of polyline/polygon; Examples/Usage. –This uses the ‘haversine’ formula to calculate the great-circle distance between two points – that. turf. " Learn more. 00/5 (21 votes) 9 Jan 2008 CPOL 5 min read 92K 696 79 11. Recently the work I have been doing requires a higher degree of accuracy than which the haversine method I was using could provide. Wikipedia gives a description of Vincenty’s algorithm for finding the distance between two points on Earth using an oblate spheroid model (specifically WGS-84). Along with values, enter the known units of measure for each and this calculator will convert among. This calculator will find the distance between two pairs of coordinates to a very high degree of precision (using the thoroughly nasty Vincenty Formula, which accounts for the flattened shape of the earth). 1613, 6708860. They are based on the assumption that the figure of the Earth is an oblate spheroid, and hence are more accurate than methods that assume a spherical Earth. bearing. Unlike the spherical law of cosines and the haversine formula, Vincenty (1975) proposed a method measuring geodesic distance under the condition. ©timeanddate. GitHub is where people build software. Distance Calculator. Step 3. Maintainers habibutsu Classifiers. The boost geometry Design Rational states: There is the Andoyer method, fast and precise, and there is the Vincenty method, slower and more precise. Besides the fabs for abs and one sin for that cos I also changed the loop; there were two abs () -calls. 9994 + 2*32. If unknown, determine the cone's base radius r. Our thermal expansion calculator uses a simple formula to find the thermal expansion of any object. 1. The Compound Interest Formula. PHP Extension to handle common geospatial functions. You can use the Java Geodesy Library for GPS, it uses the Vincenty's formulae which takes account of the earths surface curvature. Density is defined as mass per unit volume. The sum of the probabilities in this table will always be 1. The formula behind its volume is: volume = ( (π × h²) / 3) × (3r - h), or: volume = (1/6) × π × h × (3a² + h²), where the radius of the sphere is r, the height of the cap (the blue one) is h, and a is the radius of the base of the cap. A negative change indicates the reaction is exothermic, while a positive value means it is endothermic. N = size of the sample data set. distanceBetween() ). , in relation to the geodesic) have been verified by comparing them with a new formula developed by adapting a fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme for the numerical solution of ordinary differential equations, advancing the work presented by Kivioja in 1971. where a a is a square side. It shows you the solution, graph, detailed steps and explanations for each problem. 218 kilometers; 7073. For example, if one resistor is 2 Ω and the other is 4 Ω, then the calculation to find the equivalent resistance is: 1 / (1/2 + 1/4) = 1 / (3/4) = 4/3 = 1. sphere. So using Vincenty's formulae for oblate spheroids to calculate distance provides a better accuracy. " GitHub is where people build software. 04-11-2019 08:17 AM. The distance is obviously being calculated on Earth. For your example, according to Charles Karney's GeographicLib geodesic distance calculator, the distance should be 373073. Type depends on input; Quantity in angular units, or float in radians. E. The OEE for this shift is 74. Log InorSign Up. This calculator will find the distance between two pairs of coordinates to a very high degree of precision (using the thoroughly nasty Vincenty Formula, which accounts for the flattened shape of the earth). Where. There are two standard geodesic problems: So, the first part does the vicenty calculation and the result is: 166. 205, 0. Next, in the browser panel right-click on VBA Project (your file name), select Import File and choose downloaded Vincenty. Nosing: the portion of the stair tread that overhangs the front of a riser. This file contains bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. The shortest path between two points on the ellipsoid at () is called the ; its length is and the geodesic from point 1 to point 2 has azimuths at the two end points. . The study of geodesics on an ellipsoid arose in connection with geodesy specifically with the solution of triangulation networks. f = flattening ( a − b )/ a. gavaghan. 1. Zhang YL, Castro AF 3rd, Feldman HI, Kusek JW, Eggers P, Van Lente F, Greene T, Coresh J. 1) Consider Qd (quantity demanded) equal to Qs (quantity supplied). Imagine a cone without its base made out of paper. H = U + pV. 0000, which is just a Cartesian number. I need to calculate the distance between the points in every row. Vincenty's goal was to express existing algorithms for geodesics on an ellipsoid in a form that minimized the program length (Vincenty 1975a). We will now dig a bit deeper into the calculation's details by looking at how the covariance formula works in a real-life example. 0 seconds) / (420 minutes × 60 seconds) = 0. To find the total amount of formula needed for the day, you should multiply the baby's weight in kilograms by 150 ml or 5 fl oz. Substituting the values, T = (0. out, the cos function is incapable of distinguishing small angles. Vincenty is more accurate than Haversine because is considers the Earth's ellipticity when performing the calculation, but takes a longer time to compute. To conduct the correct three-phase power calculation to the problem given above: Identify the given parameters — active power = 5 kW, phase voltage = 400 V and line current = 8. At the bottom of the calculator, you will see your PERT time estimate, the standard deviation, and the probability that you will complete your project in the desired time (if you provided the desired completion time). x 1,. I havent. Tap for more steps. 0 2 1. Calculate bearing and distance from latitude and longitude. Add these two values together. x̄ = mean value of the sample data set. Finally, we used the most accurate Vincenty’s formula. 431 kilometers; 7013. There are several ways to calculate the distance from Singapore to London. In the formula, we can observe that the exponent of decreases, from to , while the exponent of increases, from to . Then we looked at the more accurate Haversine formula. 2, a data step was used to compute such distances, commonly with the Haversine formula. , where - latitude and longitude of the first point. Step 2: Compute the value of the function at x0, which is f (x0) Step 3: Compute the derivative of f (x) at point x0, so you need f' (x0) Step 4: Directly apply the formula of the tangent line. Download Vincenty. Haversine distance formula;. Soil water retention mapping can be done in situ, by means of the Vincenty equation combined with GPS coordinates to calculate the distance between two points. They are based on the assumption that the figure of the Earth is an oblate spheroid, and hence are more accurate than methods that assume a. The difference between this calculator from the earlier version Distance calculator is that this one uses a quite precise algorithm developed by Polish scientist Thaddeus. 2007 North Magnetic Pole at 83. It is represented by the formula a_n = a_1 * r^ (n-1), where a_1 is the first term of the sequence, a_n is the nth term of the sequence, and r is the common ratio. , 1965, Geodesic arc-length on the reference ellipsoid. Vincenty's formulae to calculate distance and bearing from latitude and longitude [XLS 71. This can be calculated by using the. Step 2: Create headers for Multiplication, Summation, Subtraction, and Square Root in row one. Did you know how google maps measures distance from one location to another? Watch this short video on ho. 2. A. OSI Approved :: BSD License Programming. 50882128404997)) ration = np. 24. Add this topic to your repo. For example a sample output of azimuths. import numpy as np def Haversine(lat1,lon1,lat2,lon2, **kwarg): """ This uses the ‘haversine’ formula to calculate the great-circle distance between two points – that is, the shortest distance over the. Price Elasticity of Demand (PED) = % Change in Quantity Demanded / % Change in Price. the direct formula to compute the latitudes of forepoints in azimuths of 0', and eqn. The second part, converts the lat lon coordinates to web mercator and uses the distance and yields 5. . Multiply by 100 to get percent decrease. The "Draw map" button will show you the two points on a map and draw the great circle route between them. Measured serum osm. g. Models assuming Earth is a perfect sphere (e. 3) performs geodesic calculations for an arbitrary ellipsoid of revolution. Vincenty inverse formula for ellipsoids is an iterative methods used to calculate the ellipsoidal distance between two points on the surface of a spheroid. Thaddeus Vincenty (born Tadeusz Szpila; 27 October 1920 – 6 March 2002) was a Polish American geodesist who worked with the U. If the coordinates are given using the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinate reference system, grid bearings are returned instead of geodetic azimuths and a plane. NO SQL. Given a list of geographic coordinate pairs, you can implement the Haversine formula directly in Excel. Returns the lat and long of projected point and reverse azimuth. Our area of a sphere calculator allows you to calculate the area in many different units, including SI and imperial units. I am trying to calculate a new location when travelling due east from a known location and distance. Flush mount: in a standard mount, the last tread is one step below the floor level. 6173571575417. The values you need to insert in the equation are measurements from the standard cholesterol-focused blood test, called the. 564095N 88. To associate your repository with the haversine topic, visit your repo's landing page and select "manage topics. Calculating travelling distance between two locations is an important step of Geo Spatial Analysis. Enter the latitude and longitude of a location and select convert to show results in DD (Decimal Degrees), DMS (Degrees Minutes Seconds), DMM (Degrees Decimal Minutes). haversine_distance. They are based on the assumption that the figure of the Earth is an oblate spheroid, and hence are more accurate than methods such as great-circle. 4. Both functions use the Vincenty distance formula. tanφ1) (U is. ParametersSlope Calculator. CREATE FUNCTION VINCENTY (. It seems Vincenty tries to account for that by using different Ellipsoid parameters based on location of the Earth. 5 mm; however, the algorithm fails to converge for points that are nearly antipodal. Find sequence types, indices, sums and progressions step-by-step. The results are accurate to about 0. Diversification is critical. . C, to be used with the ctypes Python module. Vincenty. 5 × 10-4 m 2 metal plate is placed over a 0. A geometric sequence is a sequence of numbers in which each term is obtained by multiplying the previous term by a fixed number. Sphere sphere calculate great-circle distances radius(#) custom radius # (in km. How to Use the Chemical Calculator? The procedure to use the chemical calculator is as follows: Step 1: Enter the chemical name in the input field. It states: Vincenty's formulae are two related iterative methods used in geodesy to calculate the distance between two points on the surface of an spheroid, developed by Thaddeus Vincenty in 1975. If a given triangle is a right angle. Vincenty's Direct and Inverse Solution of Geodesics on the Ellipsoid - Excel VBA implementation. This Equilibrium Price and. Does WGS84 vs GCJ02 coordinates impact the calculation or distance (The Vincenty's formula takes the WGS84 axis into consideration)? The Haversine Formula is used in Google Map Utils, but the Vincenty Formula is used by the android. I want to calculate distance between two points in meters. Calculate the distance between two points on Earth The fancy schmancy names for these functions are the “direct geodetic problem” and the “the inverse geodetic problem”. I have been using the inverse solution of Vincenty's formulae (which I've implemented in Python) to calculate distance and azimuth between sets of. g. Here are two standard methods: Vincenty's formula (applied above) 3804. Reference this content, page, or tool as:This calculator evaluates the angle by the following formula: then it uses formula [1] to calculate the segment area. φ1, φ2 = geodetic latitude. Calculate the distance between the two buildings using the latLngDistanceMeters() function. ; The diameter (red) is a line with both endpoints on the circle going through the center. from epsg:4326 to epsg:27700 for the UK) and calculate the hypotenuse. The handling of near-antipodal cases where Vintenty's. Update: Following the insightful comments by whuber and cffk's and cffk's answer, I agree that the accuracy gain should be compared with the error, not the measurement. Find the Inversion Count in the array. The latitude is supposed to change! 90° is just your initial bearing. Improve this question. More than 100 million people use GitHub to discover, fork, and contribute to over 420 million projects. 8 × 10 –5 mol L –1. , in relation to the geodesic ) have been verified by comparing them with a new formula developed by adapting a fourth. 2) Example 1: Calculate Geospatial Distance Using geosphere Package. The three equations used by the calculator are listed below: Mifflin-St Jeor Equation: For men: BMR = 10W + 6. Go to sheet 1 and insert the data as shown below. This Vincenty formula is a more numerically stable version of the spherical cosine law formula (commonly and wrongly known as the Haversine formula) for computing great circle distances. I tried to change the Distance (xxx) into np. Last monthly or basic salary withdrawn at the time of resignation or termination of employment. We started with the least accurate equirectangular approximation. Given a coordinate, an ellipsoidal distance, and a geodetic azimuth, use Vincenty's direct formula to calculate the coordinate of a second point. See the ‘ Direct ’ formula to calculate the destination point given the start point, bearing and distance. 191 nautical miles; Vincenty's formula calculates the distance between latitude/longitude points on the earth's surface using an ellipsoidal model of the planet. turf vincenty inverse module. If the percentage is negative, it. 2. php It is basically the same as on the movable type website. Right Triangle Calculator. Optionally, a fifth parameter (r) can be specified. L = difference in longitude. GeodeticCalculator geoCalc = new GeodeticCalculator(); Ellipsoid reference = Ellipsoid. , where - latitude and longitude of the first point. 00/5 (21 votes) 9 Jan 2008 CPOL 5 min read 92. The formula for calculating work is Work = Force x Distance. 96 g/mol. There are several ways to calculate the distance from Popondetta to Chernivtsi. The handling of near-antipodal cases where Vintenty's. The formula for the calculation is quite simple, just check below! Gratuity = Number of years at work × (Last month's salary + D. The data looks like that:Given two geographic coordinates, use Vincenty's inverse formula to calculate an ellipsoidal distance and the forward and reverse geodetic azimuths between the two points. A. Ionic Formula Calculator gives the ionic formula & net ionic charge of a compound easily. The tutorial consists of the following content: 1) Creating Example Data. a, b = f = φ1,φ2 = L = s = α1,α2 = tanU1 = cosU1 = σ1 = sinα = cos2 α = u2 = A = B = σ = major & minor semi-axes of. The calculator will then compute the distance between the points and display the result in kilometers. (Out of sheer perversity – I’ve never needed such accuracy – I looked up this formula and discovered. the time difference between the points can be used to calculate the time delta. The module is made available under terms. vincenty-inverse(from, to, [units=kilometers]) Calculates the distance between two Point|points in degress, radians, miles, or kilometers. Geodesic should be used instead. This calculator will find the distance between two pairs of coordinates to a very high degree of precision (using the thoroughly nasty Vincenty Formula, which accounts for the flattened shape of the earth). Its half-life is 1. As the earth is not perfectly spherical, the Vincenty formula for ellipsoids is probably the best way to calculate distances. turf-vincenty-direct. bas file, in Excel hit [Alt+F11] to open Visual Basic editor. 5 - Production/Stable License. Vincenty is planned to be removed in geopy 2. The order of the points does not matter for the formula as long as the points chosen are consistent. you could use the Vincenty formula for calculating geodesic distances on ellipsoids, which gives results accurate to within 1mm. How to Calculate Percentages. 79%) The result is the same in both cases. Example 7. 08 if in US units (mg/dL) mg/dL. lon1 = lon1 * PI/180 Convert the. John is an investor who just bought his first few stocks in "Cool Places", a company specialising in polar vacations. For example, there are 2 po ints (A and B), A. What has surprised me is when calculating using a 90 degree bearing, the Latitude drifts south. Find the Inversion Count in the array. But, as every smart investor knows, John should diversify his portfolio, so he decided to buy some. Code Issues. distanceBetween() ). How do you find the linear equation? To find the linear equation you need to know the slope and the y-intercept of the line. We'll call θ and φ to their respective latitude and longitude components. (18) becomes indeterminate over equatorial lines (since cos²α → 0); in this case, set cos2σ m to 0 and the result is computed correctly. Download latest version. m = mass. For the calculation of the course angle the following formulas are used: 1.